Topic 3 Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, which used to be known as ‘manic depression’, is a mental health condition, characterised by periods of low (clinical depression [see section 2.2]) and high (elated/mania) or mixed moods separated by periods of normal mood. These unusual shifts in mood affect thinking, energy, feelings and behaviours, having a profound impact on every aspect of a person’s life, particularly as the mood swings can be sudden, extreme, frequent or infrequent.

Mania and Hypomania have the same symptoms however mania is more extreme to the point of becoming dangerous. During episodes of mania or highs, people have excessive amount of energy, unable to sleep, restless to the point of being unable to stay still. In a classroom setting, students can be over talkative and speak quickly, regularly going off-topic, difficulty focussing and easily distracted. Mania can result in risky or harmful behaviour as they experience feelings of being ‘invincible’ or not having any fears. This could include excessive spending, gambling, frequent sexual activity that is out of character, and at times it may be necessary to be hospitalised for their own safety.

It is worth noting that during a period of mania/hypomania, a person can be incredibly productive increasing their workload dramatically or take on new projects/tasks, although it can also be difficult for them to concentrate and can be disruptive to others. However, these activities can be unfinished with the onset of a low period which can also lead to stress and/or anxiety.

Bipolar Disorder is typically diagnosable in teenage or early youth although it can be difficult in younger years as their behaviour can be interpreted to normal childhood development or mood changes eg tantrums, sugar overload, or being ‘over-tired’.